디버깅 옵션(-d 6)을 적용해 crash-utilty를 실행하면 vmcore를 로딩하면서 다양한 디버깅 정보를 출력합니다.
 
$ ./crash vmcore vmlinux -d 6
 
crash 7.3.0++
Copyright (C) 2002-2021  Red Hat, Inc.
Copyright (C) 2004, 2005, 2006, 2010  IBM Corporation
Copyright (C) 1999-2006  Hewlett-Packard Co
Copyright (C) 2005, 2006, 2011, 2012  Fujitsu Limited
Copyright (C) 2006, 2007  VA Linux Systems Japan K.K.
Copyright (C) 2005, 2011, 2020-2021  NEC Corporation
Copyright (C) 1999, 2002, 2007  Silicon Graphics, Inc.
Copyright (C) 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002  Mission Critical Linux, Inc.
This program is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License,
and you are welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it under
certain conditions.  Enter "help copying" to see the conditions.
This program has absolutely no warranty.  Enter "help warranty" for details.
 
NOTE: setting kimage_voffset to: 0xffffffbf70000000
 
NOTE: setting vabits_actual to: 39
 
GNU gdb (GDB) 7.6
Copyright (C) 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.  Type "show copying"
and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "--host=x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu --target=aarch64-elf-linux"...
 
WARNING: could not find MAGIC_START!
raw_crash64: cannot determine base kernel version
raw_crash64: vmlinux and /var/tmp/ramdump_elf_74SLyJ do not match!
 
Usage:
 
  crash [OPTION]... NAMELIST MEMORY-IMAGE[@ADDRESS]     (dumpfile form)
  crash [OPTION]... [NAMELIST]                          (live system form)
 
...
 
creating temporary ELF header: /var/tmp/ramdump_elf_BGK8hx
 
vmcore_data:
                  flags: c0 (KDUMP_LOCAL|KDUMP_ELF64)
                   ndfd: 16
                    ofp: 7f2e25cad620
            header_size: 848
   num_pt_load_segments: 13
     pt_load_segment[0]:
            file_offset: 350
             phys_start: 80000000
               phys_end: c0000000
              zero_fill: 0
     pt_load_segment[1]:
            file_offset: 40000350
             phys_start: 880000000
               phys_end: 8c0000000
              zero_fill: 0

 

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